x spachiana is barely distinguishable from Madeira Broom and some consider them to be the same taxon (GRIN 2007 Hosking 2007, m.). monspessulana) and Madeira Broom (Spencer 2002 Stajsic 2007, pers comm. There also appear to be intermediates or hybrids between Cape Broom ( G. x spachiana (a garden hybrid, probably between G. The complex horticultural history and breeding that has occurred in this group make identification very difficult. National Herbarium of Victoria 2007 Stajsic 2007, pers. It has been recorded from degraded roadsides, railway embankments, waste places, and as an environmental weed in native woodlands and tall open forest (Webb et al. In Australia it is found in regions with a warm temperate climate, and moderate rainfall. In the Canary Islands where it is native, Madeira Broom is frequent in and below the laurel forest zone and Erica heath regions, from 600 to 1500 m above sea level (Bramwell & Bramwell 1974). Tree, Shrub Where it currently grows? Preferred habitat 1988 McClintock 1993 Harden 2002 PlantNet 2007).įor further information and assistance with identification of Madeira Broom contact the herbarium in your state or territory. There are 5–7 black seeds in each pod (Webb et al. The fruit (pod) is narrow-oblong (2–4 times longer than broad, with nearly parallel sides), 20-40 mm long, flattened, densely silky-hairy, and opens to release the seeds when ripe. The yellow pea flowers are arranged in groups of about 10–30 at the end of the leaf-bearing stems. The leaflets are sparsely hairy, often with scattered hairs on the upper surface. The central leaflet is longer than the two side leaflets. The leaflets are narrowly oval or egg-shaped with the widest part above the middle, 5–40 mm long and 3–12 mm wide. The compound leaves have a stalk 4–25 mm long and each leaf has 3 leaflets. The twigs are rounded in cross-section, and ribbed. All rights reserved.Madeira Broom ( Genista stenopetala) is an upright or spreading shrub or small tree to 4 m high. Extensive cloning and sequencing of the ITS region revealed that, although the majority of invasive "French broom" in California is Genista monspessulana, hybridization with individuals from the ornamental "sweet broom" clade likely occurs in populations throughout the state.Ĭopyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. monspessulana clade in the genus Genista. Placement of invasive and ornamental individuals within the Cytisus-Genista complex resolves taxonomic uncertainty in these groups, as our phylogenetic analyses recovered separate "French broom" and "sweet broom" clades within the G. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest a complex evolutionary history that includes hybridization events. We used sequence data from chloroplast and nuclear regions to gain insight into evolutionary origins and to confirm taxonomic status. Our objective was to examine relationships within the Cytisus-Genista complex to determine (1) the taxonomic identity of invasive "French broom" and ornamental "sweet broom" and (2) whether "sweet broom" contributes to "French broom" populations directly or via hybridization. Despite their impacts, the evolutionary relationships among invasives, ornamentals, and native-range species have never been investigated. The Cytisus-Genista complex includes species that have become invasive following introduction into new geographic ranges as ornamental shrubs.
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